Fundamentals and Applications of Ellipsometry

DWDM Fundamentals, Components, and Applications DWDM Fundamentals, Components, and Applications

Glucose-Sensitive Holographic (Bio)Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications

Nowadays sensors and especially biosensors play an important role in medical diagnosis and detection of food and environment contaminations. Biosensors’ facilities have been improved significantly by using technologies such as surface plasmon resonance, microfluidics, laser, and electrochemistry. These technologies are now available on chips in micro- and nano-scale and are capable of mea...

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications

Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spinpolariz...

Fundamentals and Applications of Immunosensors

Immunosensors are compact analytical devices in which the event of formation of antigenantibody complexes is detected and converted, by means of a transducer, to an electrical signal, which can be processed, recorded and displayed. Different transducing mechanisms are employed in immunological biosensors, based on signal generation (such as an electrochemical or optical signal) or properties ch...

Ellipsometry and Its Applications in Stoichiometry

Ellipsometry is a powerful tool to gain the optical properties of materials though measuring the change of polarization state of the probe light after interaction with the sample. It offers a sensitive, nondestructive and comprehensive way to accurately determine film thickness and optical constants of extensive materials, such as metals, ceramics, glasses, semiconductors, and its compounds and...